In 1859, Arthur married Ellen Nell Lewis Herndon (1837-1880), the Virginia-born daughter of a U.S. naval officer. His job involved supervising 1,300 people. The son of a Baptist preacher who had emigrated from northern Ireland, Chester A. Arthur was America's 21st President (1881-85), succeeding President James Garfield upon his assassination. When Garfield was assassinated September 1881, Arthur became president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. He presided over the rebirth of the US Navy, but he was criticized for failing to alleviate the federal budget surplus which had been accumulating since the end of the Civil War. Chester A. Arthur (b. October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont) was the 21st president of the United States. President Arthur and New York Governor Grover Cleveland attend the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge. Congress passes an act regarding civil government in Alaska. Put simply, he performed well in office, defying his state-based reputation as a slick machine politician. [105] Arthur and the machine had rebuked Hayes and their intra-party rivals, but Arthur had only a few days to enjoy his triumph when, on January 12, 1880, his wife died suddenly while he was in Albany organizing the political agenda for the coming year. Chandler, an aggressive administrator, purged the Navy of wood-and-canvas warship supporters and created the Naval War College. The President Chester A. Arthur State Historic Site was the first historic site owned by the State of Vermont. (5) $55.11. The President Chester Arthur Timeline provides a brief record of events in the order of their occurrence. 0. 4, 1885 Political Party Republican Party (1854-1886), Whig Party (Before 1856) Personal Info Born Oct. 5, 1829 Died Nov. 18, 1886 (at age 57) Religion Episcopal School Union College State and National Law School Profession 10 Interesting Facts About Chester Arthur 10. He was raised in New York. During this time, Arthur joined the Republican Party, which was established by anti-slavery activists in 1854. He, along with many of those involved in the project, had contracted decompression sickness because of working in the caissons used to form the foundations of the bridge towers. [200] Blatchford accepted, and his nomination was approved by the Senate within two weeks. Still, the crowd of people who showed up for the event were unaware, and the President received a spectacular welcome. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. [104] Arthur and Conkling campaigned vigorously for the Stalwart ticket and, owing partly to a splintering of the Democratic vote, were victorious. Arthur attended high school and Union College in Schenectady, and graduated Phi Beta Kappa. [43] The argument was successful, and after several appeals was upheld by the New York Court of Appeals in 1860. When the War broke out in 1861 the Governor. [47] In 1859, they were married at Calvary Episcopal Church in Manhattan. When the war broke out on July 27, 1862, three weeks after President Lincoln's call for 300,000 more men, Arthur was appointed quartermaster-general and oversaw the construction of a huge tent city in City Hall Park in Lower Manhattan, where thousands of men gathered, were provisioned, and sent to war. Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the twentieth vice president under James Garfield. Late night strolls 7. Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829[b] November 18, 1886) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. The murder trial of Charles Guiteau begins. He took on few assignments with the firm and was often too ill to leave his house. It is estimated that more than twenty men were killed during the construction of the bridge, although records are debatable. [3], Suffering from poor health, Arthur made only a limited effort to secure the Republican Party's nomination in 1884, and he retired at the end of his term. When he became president after Garfield's assassination, Arthur surprised his party in 1883 by signing the Pendleton Act, which . While in office, Arthur rose above partisanship and in 1883 signed the Pendleton Act, which required government jobs to be distributed based on merit. [149] This legislation greatly expanded similar civil service reforms attempted by President Franklin Pierce 30 years earlier. He succeeded James Garfield who had been assassinated in 1881. The act establishes the Republicans as the party in favor of higher protective tariffs. In the Senate, Republicans take one seat and gain a 38-36 majority (with two seats filled by minor parties). Born in Fairfield, Vermont, on October 5, 1829, Arthur was an educator, lawyer, and army officer before being appointed as customs collector of the Port of New York (1871-78). In the early 1850s, he served as the principal of schools in North Pownal, Vermont, and Cohoes, New York. After Rutherford Hayes became president, he ousted Arthur from the job in 1878 in an attempt to reform the New York Custom House and spoils system. (He suffered from Bright's disease, a then-fatal kidney ailment.) [64] Conkling, elected to the United States Senate in 1867, noticed Arthur and facilitated his rise in the party, and Arthur became chairman of the New York City Republican executive committee in 1868. [1] Portrait of Chester Arthur, vice president to James Garfield. Employees were required to make political contributions (known as "assessments") back to the machine, which made the job a highly coveted political plum. All nine defendants are found not guilty. [217], In 1898, the Arthur memorial statuea fifteen-foot (4.6m), bronze figure of Arthur standing on a Barre Granite pedestalwas created by sculptor George Edwin Bissell and installed at Madison Square, in New York City. July 14, 2017. Previously the 20th vice president,. [201] The second vacancy occurred when Associate Justice Ward Hunt retired in January 1882. On September 21, he returned to Long Branch to take part in Garfield's funeral, and then joined the funeral train to Washington. [39] Coincidentally, future president James A. Garfield taught penmanship at the same school three years later, but the two did not cross paths during their teaching careers. [85] Sherman ordered a commission led by John Jay to investigate the New York Custom House. [152] To their surprise, he acted quickly to appoint the members of the Civil Service Commission that the law created, naming reformers Dorman Bridgman Eaton, John Milton Gregory, and Leroy D. Thoman as commissioners. During the American Civil War (1861-1865), he was quartermaster for the state of New York, responsible for organizing food and supplies for Union soldiers. Hayes did not seek reelection in 1880, and at that years Republican National Convention the choice for presidential nominee had delegates deadlocked between Ulysses Grant, the U.S. president from 1869 to 1877, and James Blaine (1830-93), a U.S. senator from Maine. Before he moved into the White House, Chester Arthur hired designer and stained-glass artist Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) to redecorate the state rooms. [175], Chandler appointed an advisory board to prepare a report on modernization, whose goal was to create a Navy that would protect America thousands of miles away, rather than just coastal waters. [116] As Republicans had done since the end of the Civil War, Garfield and Arthur initially focused their campaign on the "bloody shirt"the idea that returning Democrats to office would undo the victory of the Civil War and reward secessionists. Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 - November 18, 1886) was the fourth Totally Obscure President of the United States, serving from 1881 through 1885. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. By U.S. News Staff. [205] In 1889, a monument was placed on Arthur's burial plot by sculptor Ephraim Keyser of New York, consisting of a giant bronze female angel figure placing a bronze palm leaf on a granite sarcophagus. **PRE-ORDER** The Chester House from Dept 56 Christmas Vacation Snow Village **SHIPS LATE NOVEMBER** $149. [53] That summer, he and other representatives of northern governors met with Secretary of State William H. Seward in New York to coordinate the raising of additional troops, and he spent the next few months helping to enlist New York's quota of 120,000 men. [194] Reporters accompanied the presidential party, helping to publicize the new National Park system. [115], As expected, the election was close. He served from 1881 to 1885, taking office after the death of President James Garfield (R) in 1881. Twenty-first President, 1881-1885. [147] After a juror came forward with allegations that the defendants attempted to bribe him, the judge set aside the guilty verdicts and granted a new trial. [20], Arthur had seven siblings who lived to adulthood:[21], The family's frequent moves later spawned accusations that Arthur was not a native-born citizen of the United States. In addition to civil service reform, Arthur triedwith limited successto lower tariffs. As president from 1881 to 1885, Arthur advocated for civil service. During Chester Arthurs childhood, his family moved around Vermont and upstate New York for his fathers work. Arthur is sworn in as President of the United States. [50] Arthur was commissioned as a brigadier general and assigned to the state militia's quartermaster department. Instead, the Republicans chose Secretary of State James Blaine as their presidential nominee. Chester A. Arthur - Key Events March 4, 1881 Arthur Becomes Vice President Arthur takes office as vice president in the presidential administration of James Garfield. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Having become friendly with Murphy over their shared love of horses during summer vacations on the Jersey Shore, in July of that year, Grant appointed him to the Collector's position. [48] The couple had three children: After his marriage, Arthur devoted his efforts to building his law practice, but also found time to engage in Republican party politics. Activity. [134] Before leaving New York, he ensured the presidential line of succession by preparing and mailing to the White House a proclamation calling for a Senate special session. [63], At the time, U.S. custom houses were managed by political appointees who served as Collector, Naval Officer, and Surveyor. They wanted some sort of reforms. [166] To their surprise, Arthur vetoed it and requested revisions, which they made and Arthur then approved. "[112][j] Conkling eventually relented, and campaigned for the ticket. [202] Senator George Edmunds was Arthur's next choice, but he declined to be considered. Diseases And Disabilities. In the early hours of September 20, Arthur was sworn in as president at his Manhattan brownstone at 123 Lexington Avenue by a New York state judge. William Arthur retired in 1898 with the brevet rank of, William Lewis Arthur (December 10, 1860 July 7, 1863), died of ", Ellen Hansbrough Herndon "Nell" Arthur Pinkerton (November 21, 1871 September 6, 1915), married Charles Pinkerton, This page was last edited on 14 January 2023, at 21:30.
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