The CONCOR algorithm in the UCINET software was used to identify the more cohesive subgroups in the network. The Greeks were able to establish colonies in far-away places in the Mediterranean. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. The urban flow intensity model was used to analyze the outward function of industrial sectors in the urban agglomeration in 2020 (, According to the structural decomposition of the urban flow intensity of specific cities (, The dominant flow method is used to analyze the intensity of the urban flow of the three industries in each city, identify the industrial core backbone connection axis, and obtain the three industries first, second, third, and fourth most dominant flow directions (. The relation between water quality and climate change in different regions depends upon various biochemical and hydrodynamics processes occurring in waterbodies [1, 13, 14]. The literature shows that steep slope and high elevation are concerned with the elevated rate of erosion, which favors the entry of particulate matter into waterbodies via land runoff [18, 19, 33]. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. Africa's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately. College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China, Gansu Engineering Research Center of Land Utilization and Comprehension Consolidation, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China. The Coastal Range allows for some condensation and light precipitation. Location and climate have large effects on income levels and income growth through their effects on transport costs, disease burdens, and agricultural productivity, In this study we found that socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the CEWQ parameters. Area development model construction. By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies. Export citation and abstract Athens was a democracy, where citizens could be elected into government. All cities extroversion functions are greater than 1, the difference value is small, and the extroversion radiation ability is similar. As air rises, it also cools. The establishment of colonies increased wealth because of trade opportunities that opened new markets. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, 2. The higher up you are, the colder and drier it will be. This may be due to several reasons: Firstly, it can be a consequence of irrigation tailwater discharge which absorb heat [39, 40] and sweeps P-fertilizer from cropland which enhance water temperature. The Greeks, through cultural diffusion, learned a great deal from the people they met through the travel of the seas. You are accessing a machine-readable page. More specifically speaking, topography aids in changing precipitation and temperature. Humans and wild animals face new challenges for survival because of climate change. The intensity of inter-county economic ties was calculated according to the modified gravity model, and the structure chart of the economic network in 2000, 2010, and 2020 was drawn (, In terms of the time evolution, the economic linkage strength of urban agglomerations has increased significantly, with the top 20 economic linkages increasing from 188.46 in 2000 to 1305.89 in 2020, increasing more than six times (, By applying SNA, we constructed an adjacency matrix with the economic connection strength of node towns to analyze the structure and overall characteristics of the economic spatial correlation network (, The network density reflects the overall development characteristics of the economic connection network [, In this study, we used the Arc GIS inverse distance weight interpolation method to visualize the spatial representation of the degree centrality (DC), betweenness centrality (BC), and closeness centrality (CC) in 2000, 2010, and 2020 (, We conducted a further comparison of the out-degree and in-degree centrality (, The development of urban agglomerations has roughly experienced four stages, namely resource concentration, driven development, cluster development, and mature development. The topography of an area also helps determine the climate. Development can be defined as improving the welfare of a society through appropriate social, political, and economic conditions. Latest answer posted February 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, Latest answer posted August 21, 2016 at 4:06:36 PM. Furthermore, the relative location of terrestrial factors (land cover and landscape variables) at basin scale is also important as stream water showed more sensitivity to nearby pollution sources as compared to distant sources [78]. How does topography affect population? Based on the years 2000, 2010, and 2020, this paper studies the industrial function connection path and economic network characteristics of the Hexi Corridor through an urban flow model, dominant flow analysis, modified gravity model, and social network analysis method, and puts forward an economic synergistic development model. ; Zhang, X. The above discussion shows that the response of the precipitation elasticity of water quality parameters to topographic and socio-economic, secondary determining factors, is simple. (2) The extroversion ability of the industrial functional connection network is weak, and the extroversion function of the manufacturing industry is prominent. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, Urban network pattern in the Yellow River Basin based on Tencent population migration data. Ridges and mountains are barriers to the horizontal movement of air. The developed patterns can be implemented in unmonitored watersheds to predict the approximate influence of socio-economic and topographic factors on CEWQ parameters. How did Greek drama and religion influence each other? Before we look into the economic, political and social developments, it is important to understand Ancient Greek geography. Climate 4. Some studies have confirmed that temperature is the most important controlling agent for other factors such as precipitation, catchment size on soil erosion and subsequently sediment flux [72, 74]. ; Yang, H.-N.; Yang, Y.-C.; Wei, W.; Pan, J.-H. Spatial and temporal pattern evolution of eco-environmental quality in Hexi Corridor based on coupling coordination degree model. Economic factors such as subsidies, commodity prices, labour and immigration laws, cost of land, transport, capital and markets, etc. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. Will pfizer shareholders get viatris stock? The above-mentioned data sets are publicly available and are at 0.50.5 latitude/longitude grid resolution. those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). Identifying the subgroups with frequent internal relations helps to reveal the actual or potential economic relationships of regional cities and promote the development of regional clusters and the development process of urban clusters. where \overline T, \overline P and W\overline Q are the air temperature, precipitation and water quality at any given time, respectively. Geography was a major factor in Rome's early development. In tropical climate class (A), gross domestic product (GDP) played an important role in stabilizing the CEWQ. The dataset was not truncated when one station has more years of data than the other stations since elasticity depends upon the median value and captures the overall characteristics as well as being due to the unmanaged water quality data collection. [. From 2000 to 2010, the industrial base was improved, and vital complementary industries increased and showed similar characteristics. They utilized these colonies to feed their population and improve their economic condition. What are some similarities between current American society and ancient Greece with respect to art, architecture, and politics? Who prepares topographical maps of india? Water Quality Index Application to Evaluate the Ground Water Quality in Kalar City- Kurdistan Region- Iraq, The analysis of correlation between Regimes River coefficient and runoff coefficient (Case study in catchment areas of sidutan and reak), Analysis of long-term trends (19502009) in precipitation, runoff and runoff coefficient in major urban watersheds in the United States, On-line water quality inspection system: the role of the wireless sensory network, Comparative analysis of weighted arithmetic and CCME Water Quality Index estimation methods, accuracy and representation, Forested lands dominate drinking water supply in the conterminous United States, Imaging Geophysicist / Scientist - 2023 Graduate Programme, Senior Scientist as Specialist (f/m/d) for Computing in the Institute for Accelerator Physics, Positions in Clean Water, Biodiversity and Environment (I4WORLD), Copyright 2023 IOP geoparks. Now, we have got the complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested! The Topography of an area can greatly influence our climate. Lv, R.; Shi, P.-J. Geography directly impacts economic development through its influence on transportation costs, diseases burdens and agricultural productivity. For example, you might wear heavier clothing and tend to be physically stronger as a result of climbing often. Ocean currents. Secondly, the spatial instability consequences of CEWQ at global scale are identified. To summarize, this paper chooses the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration as the research area, which is at the forefront of the opening up of the Belt and Road and located in an economically underdeveloped region with an extremely important geographical location. By which act dyarchy was introduced in india? Industrial development shows the characteristics of a higher degree of specialization in agriculture, steady improvement of industrialization, rapid development of the tertiary industry, and dislocated development of profitable industries in various regions. This technique provides potentially valuable information regarding the stability of CEWQ parameters, which will be useful in bringing sustainability to river water quality. This enabled the Spartan citizens to train in the art of battle. 4. Sparta, on the other hand, was a monarchy, with a line of hereditary monarchs. B.A. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. Wu, K.; Fang, C.-L.; Zhao, M.-X. The question takes place from the time of Ancient Greece." The mean elevation of sub-watershed follows the literature while the mean slope gives opposite results. Greece's topography was more important to its political and social development. Sun, Q.-K.; Zhou, L.; Tang, X.-L.; Sun, D.-Q. The response of PO43-F and PO43-UF to temperature is inelastic and relatively elastic, and site specific [28]. Climatic factors such as light, water and rainfall, temperature, air, relative humidity and wind also affect farming. We found that precipitation elasticity showed comparatively higher sensitivity to socio-economic and topographic factors at a global scale. Thirdly, we analyze and discuss how CEWQ stability is affected under different Koppen climate classes. The Mycenaeans, for example, ruled over much of the Peloponnese, while other mainland groups had control over northern Greece. How does topography affect soil formation? Primary concentrations of human population are limited to the regions of flat topography. GDP positively favors P (P, P-UF), which might be linked with urbanization. These factors are latitude, elevation, nearby water, ocean currents, topography, vegetation, and prevailing winds. Masters Thesis, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, 2020. Increase in P (P, DOC) is positively supported by the catchment area, which may be due to several potential reasons including inputs from sewage, decomposition of organic yard wastes, leaf litter, grass clippings and plant residue in soil by microorganisms [45, 46]. As a result, humidity increases and orographic clouds and precipitation can develop. What topography is formed in divergent boundary? In this paper, the social network analysis software UCINET 6.2 was used to analyze the network density, centrality, and cohesive subgroups of the economic connection network of the urban agglomeration. Mountains can have a significant effect on rainfall. prior to publication. Conceptualization, X.X. ; writingreview and editing, P.S. If an area is close to a body of water it tends to make milder climates. The mean slope has a positive coefficient for T (T, NOx-F). ; software, X.X. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. Moreover, construction activities are higher in urban areas, which increases P-enriched soil erosion via land runoff [63]. 41771130. Water quality records were obtained from United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS)/Water (www.gemstat.org) apart from for the MurrayDarling River in Australia (www.epa.sa.gov.au). This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. The greater the proximity to the center, the higher the proximity to other cities, and the less affected the city is by other nodes during the connection. Figure 3. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. The many mountain ranges made it easy for each city to develop into what are called city-states (Greek: polis, plural poleis) because cities could not easily join together in larger political units. Xie, X.; Shi, P. Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow. ; Wei, W. Urban competition and cooperation in Hexi Corridor based on niche theory. The impact of mean slope on water chemistry varies due to the physical characteristics of the sub-watershed, which includes surficial geology, land use, morphological variables and surficial debris [51, 52]. A high concentration of sediment load can be modulated via investment in conservative efforts and treatment facilities at catchment scale. G01296001). We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. Land 2023, 12, 274. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. How does topography affect economic development? Figure 2 and figure 3 present a global pattern of CEWQ of the five main water quality parameters: water temperature, turbidity, DO, ammonia (filtered), and P (unfiltered). Elevation. The results demonstrated that precipitation elasticity shows higher sensitivity to topographic and socio-economic determinants as compared to temperature elasticity. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly The impact of fertilizer application and socio-economic features on surface water quality vary by watershed. ; Gao, S.; Wang, Y.-Q. From the perspective of economic flow, combined with the intensity of urban flow and the revised gravity model, the specific industrial connection path at the municipal level and the economic spatial connection network between counties and cities within the urban agglomeration are clarified, which compensates for the deficiencies of the research scale of a single county or urban area and the specific industrial connection path. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Global distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water quality indexes. Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Oymyakon is the coldest permanently-inhabited place on Earth and is found in the Arctic Circle's Northern Pole of Cold. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics. According to the results of the network centrality, the city cluster forms four core economic circles, namely Jiujia, Dungua, Zhangye, and Jinwu. Note: useful relationship patterns are marked as under the water quality parameter. Landforms The landforms of a particular area dictate the nature The runoff coefficient has a positive coefficient for T (T, NO3-F). Climate, transportation costs, diseases, and permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. shape of the land (known as 'relief' or 'topography'). This is because geographical features include mountains, deserts, and water, which directly impact the movement of people and thus the movement of trade. How does geography affect business? - Geographical influences are one of the factors which have a great impact upon the businesses. Latitude. These two variables did not capture spatial variability at the basin scale, which is its main limitation. 2017 The Author(s). Extractive industry; 3. manufacturing industry; 4. electricity, gas, and water production and supply industries; 5. construction, 6. Wei, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhang, S.; Sono, D.; Xiu, C. Urban positionality in the regional urban network: Through the lens of alter-based centrality and national-local perspectives. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the How does topography affect economic development? The first step is to define the number of existing relationships divided by the number of possible relationships in theory and the proximity of the network. (2) The backbone correlation axes of the three industries show the characteristics of a closed triangular connection, dual-core linkage development, and multi-center multi-axis interaction. SMLR outputs for CEWQ on various Koppen climatic classes (A and C) are listed in table S6. The freight volumes of roads and railways come from the annual statistical reports of each citys national economic and social development. Lu, Z.-H. Research on Spatial Economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration and Their Impact on Economic Efficiency. Distribution of Land Mass and Water Mass 3. Today, geography still plays an important but much more nuanced role in the development of economies. Feature Papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. The Feature Paper can be either an original research article, a substantial novel research study that often involves Evolution of economic relations pattern in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone based on a social network analysis method. Topography is the relief of an area. There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. High-speed rail network and urban agglomeration economies: Research from the perspective of urban network externalities. How did the ancient Greeks develop an advanced civilization? Mountain ranges are natural barriers to air movement. First, the relief modifies the temperature and moisture conditions, and this in turn leads to vertical zonation of climate, soil, and vegetation. Chemical fertilizers have been the major cause of the green revolution, while manure is the traditional source for soil nutrition. Digital elevation model (DEM) data with 30m resolution was obtained from NASA (dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/). If you live in the mountains, you're likely to develop a particular culture that adapts to life at a high altitude. Land. The results implied that watersheds with lower runoff coefficient, thick population density, over fertilization and manure application face a higher risk of instability. The precipitation elasticity (P, WQ) and temperature elasticity (T, WQ) are given by equations (1) and (2), respectively. The concentration of orthophosphate is highly dependent on point source pollution (phosphorous related industries) rather than watershed characteristics [18]. Considering the bearing capacity of resources and the environment and integrating valuable industrial resources, four economic synergistic development zones can be built in the future by developing JinchangWuweis new nonferrous metal materials and ecological culture, GanzhouLinze GaotaiMinles emerging industries and ecological culture, DunhuangGuazhous historical and cultural tourism and ecological economy, and JiuquanJiayuguans new energy and historical culture to promote regionally differentiated and synergistic development. What was the Importance/significance of Theatre in Ancient Greek society? several techniques or approaches, or a comprehensive review paper with concise and precise updates on the latest In order to detect the impact of topography on social factors, we selected the This study was carried out on major watersheds of the World. RIS. The mean elevation of the sub-watershed is positively associated with T (T, P-UF) and T (T, PO43-F). Sun, Q.; Tang, F.; Tang, Y. Altitude or height above sea level - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. The most important geographical and topographical features of Greece were its mountainous terrain and its placement as a peninsula in the Mediterranean. Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. Some studies have reported that the mean slope and elevation are associated with enhanced erosion rates, which subsequently speed up particulate material entry into surface waters [18, 21]. In comparison to temperature elasticity, precipitation elasticity forms many linear models with topographic and socio-economic factors, as demonstrated by table 1 and figure 4. How did the Greeks contribute to democracy? Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. Closeness centrality (CC) measures the proximity of a citys contact distance. Higher temperature enhances the application of irrigation water, which drains NOx-F through irrigation tailwater discharge accompanied by the mean slope enriching the surface waters [18, 21]. Mountain ranges are natural barriers to air movement. Figure 2. Fukushima et al. Liu, S.; Wang, Y.; Yang, P.; Chevallier, J.; Xiao, Q. Spatial correlation effects of the economic value of green infrastructure (EVGI) on social network: Evidence from China. Runoff coefficient data was assigned to different watersheds based on climatic class. In this way, city-states grew autonomously and developed their own identities. Research on the Influence of a High-Speed Railway on the Spatial Structure of the Western Urban Agglomeration Based on Fractal TheoryTaking the ChengduChongqing Urban Agglomeration as an Example. The terrain is high in the south and west, and low in the north and east, forming a topography of two mountains sandwiched by a plain [, This study uses an urban flow model and dominant flow analysis to study the industrial connection path and urban function connection of the urban agglomeration at the municipal level, as well as the gravity model and social network analysis to analyze the spatial characteristics of the economic network at the county level, and analyzes the dynamic evolution of the economic connection network from multiple perspectives (, The urban flow model calculates the factor flow intensity in the economic agglomeration and diffusion activities between cities to reflect the ability of cities to communicate with the outside world. Dai, J.-C.; Xie, F.; Na, K.-P. Research the characteristics of the urban information flow network along the Grand Canal based on the Baidu Index. This created regionalism, meaning different cities developed separately of one another. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. Why topography is considered in site selection? Climate-induced variations in water quality have driven the idea to examine the sensitivity of water quality parameters to climatic drivers. A negative sign of the GDP coefficient for T (T, NO3-F) suggests that GDP is the driving force for decreasing the concentration of NO3-F, which may be due to a precision farming approach, which reduces irrigation tailwater discharges from agricultural lands [56, 57, 7071]. Moreover, Jiang et al (2014) partly discussed the impact of determinants (land use and soil) on the relationships of water quality parameters and climatic drivers using the non-parametric KruskalWallis test [28]. Moreover, the particular influences on water chemistry exhibit regionalization owing to climatic and non-climatic factors [11, 12]. This type of how people tried to overcome geographical features and provide for themselves and We will accelerate the development of Dunhuang as a famous international cultural and tourism city, support the transformation and development of Yumen as a resource-exhausted city, expand Wuwei Qingyuan Wine Town and Zhangye Nijiaying Seven-Color Danxia Town, build the Guazhou agglomeration center, highlight county characteristics, and promote the integrated development of the urban and rural economies. Published by IOP Publishing Ltd, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fr Materialien und Energie GmbH. Influence and Prediction of oasis urban expansion on Cultivated land space in Arid region: A case study of Hexi Corridor. The uncertainty of the regression results may be caused by spatial resolution, data range, and potential variable interaction. There is, primary sector, Secondary sector, Tertiary sector, & Quaternary sector. On the "teachingmatters" link, scroll down to "Narrative Mini Lesson.". (3) The impact of topographical relief on population and economy was stronger than that of other topographical factors. The relief degree showed a good logarithmic fit relationship with population density (0.911) and economic density (0.874). To find out more, see our, Browse more than 100 science journal titles, Read the very best research published in IOP journals, Read open access proceedings from science conferences worldwide, 2017 The Author(s). Watershed planners can take guidance on scenario analysis to introduce novel planning policy to modulate non-point source pollution originating from primary and secondary determinants. They cover physical parameters, and O, C, N, and P-parameters, which are representative and significant from a global perspective. "How did geography and topography affect Greek economic, political and social development? How was citizenship connected to the Greek polis? The higher up you are, the colder and drier it will be. Do topographic maps indicate changes in elevation? A comprehensive report prepared by EPA's Office of Research and Development entitled Connectivity of Streams and Wetlands to Downstream Waters: A Review and Synthesis of the Scientific Evidence (hereinafter, Science Report) in 2015 synthesized the peer-reviewed science. There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. Factor # 1. The mountains also worked as barriers to separate different areas. Precious metals were mined from the mountains that could be used for trade. Does facebook notify when you edit a comment? Accessed 18 Jan. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. In india where badland topography is commonly found? Yang, L.-J. This meant different social structures, government systems, and military strategies. These energy inputs heat up the land surface, which may increase water temperature due to heat transfer via land runoff from the catchment (especially paved areas) to surface waters [39, 40]. Generally, Greece is very mountainous. "Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow" Land 12, no.
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