Cascade West is a go-to for an everyman's happy hour, Anthony's at the Old Mill gets points for views, McMenamins Old St. Francis School offers variety on a single campus, Takeout Guide: Central Oregon Pickup & Delivery, 2023 Fight. An invitation to visit Bill Gabberts Tribute Wall, Bill Gabberts death announced by his family, Writing on fire, from the air top FireAviation articles of 2022, First flight of teleoperated helicopter aims for agile and safer fire operations. To work fires, the men, organized into squads of eight to 15, were stationed at six strategic points, also known as "spike camps": Seeley Lake, Big Prairie, and Ninemile in Montana; Moose Creek and McCall in Idaho; and Redwood Ranger Station in southwestern Oregon at the edge of Cave Junction. RELATED: Prescribed burns in national forests paused for 90 days nationwide. And, although the square has some problems with stalling close to the ground if the jumper stays in deep brakes too long, I can say without reservation that when I came south from Alaska to jump fires in the Lower 48, I was really glad to have a square on my back. Learn more about Noah here. He wears an uncompromised grin. Filson Smokejumpers are specially trained wildland firefighters who provide an initial attack response on remote wildland fires. burger for $4.95, potato skins for $6.95, top sirloin steak fingers for $7.95 and chicken wings for $6.95. By If you look closely, you'll find other marks of the Forest Service in the pub. I mean. In May 1978, members of the Army National Guard's 19th Special Forces Group (Airborne) and other western military units briefly began airborne training at the Missoula Smokejumper School. All orders of $75 or more qualify for free economy shipping. Hinnenkamp, 35, an eight-year veteran with the Redmond Smokejumpers, is one of about 400 men and women across the United States who leaps into veils of smoke for a living, tackling the hardest-to-reach fires before they combust into headline news. Send friends to pick up your family at the airport. My Account Archives Founded in 1964, Redmond has responded to an average of 86 fires a season for the last decade. | (Update: adding video, comments from smokejumper, Forest Service). Contribute today! A group portrait of the smokejumper crew for the Redmond Smokejumper Base. Front row (L-R): Tom Fitzpatrick, Kelly Esterbrook, Tim Lynch, Harley Jackson, Everett Young, Joe Brennan, Neal Schaeffer, Mike Jackson, Irene Saphra, Cuby Valdez. But the difference between landing a round in high wind and a square can be as much as 20 mph or more. College, Department, or Program Its common to go up in the plane and come back in the plane. The pulaski is a single-bladed axe with a grub-hoe on the opposite side, and is, undoubtedly, the greatest fire handtool ever invented. 1964 crew. SMOKEJUMPERS 56, JULY 2007 ISSN 1532-6160 Smokejumper is published quarterly by: THE NATIONAL SMOKEJUMPER ASSOCIATION C/O 10 JUDY LANE CHICO, CA 95926 The opinions of the writers are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of the NSA. The other fires are staffed with ground-based firefighters such as hand . The names of all the crew members have been added below the portrait. We guarantee the lifetime of each item made by Filson against failure or damage in its intended usage. Enter your email address to subscribe and receive notifications of new posts by email. Heres why, Insurance may finally be the turning point in high-risk fire area homes, Rethinking risk and responsibility in the Western wildfire crisis, NEW smokejumpers t-shirt with logo on left chest, (TRAMPS) NSA Trails Restoration & Maintenance Project Specialists, Wildland Firefighters Not Served Well By Albuquerque Service Center, Standing Tall-Making a Difference Merv George, Supervisor Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest. 502 likes. College, Department, or Program Gallatin National Forest Box 130 Bozeman, MT 59771 (406) 587-6716. After observing smokejumper training methods at Seeley Lake in June 1940, then-Major William C. Lee of the U.S. Army went on to become a major general and establish the 101st Airborne Division.[3]. Shortly after smokejumpers touch ground, they are supplied by parachute with food, water, and firefighting tools, making them self-sufficient for 48 hours. The McCall smokejumper program was established in 1943; their base is on the Idaho shores of Payette Lake. This collection of interviews details the experiences of smokejumpers at the Redmond Air Center in Redmond, Oregon and at the jumper base in Fairbanks, Alaska. You cut the fire off from fuel. The last CPS smokejumper left the service in January 1946. The names of all the crew members have been added below the portrait. Spokesman file photo Buy Now. Redmond Smokejumpers Continued Part V Ready for quick reload. Living the life that you love does not shield you from loss. Boise, ID and Fairbanks, AK are the two BLM jump bases. But were away from the base. Although this threat did not fully materialize, the 555th fought numerous other forest fires while there. NSA Trails Restoration & Maintenance Project Specialists, Wildfires climbing snowiest mountains in the American West. "It was a small jump spot and there was no wind so I just kept cruising through the jump spot . [citation needed] Many smokejumpers have previous experience as hotshots, who provide a strong foundation of wildland firefighting experience and physical conditioning. Back Row (L-R): Justin Cook, Jeremy Zemke, Matt Abell, Marcel Potvin, Ben Bell, Jarret Carle, Bill Selby, Gary Atteberry, Mike Leslie, Sean Wishart, Eliah Pedersen, Jeanine Faulkner, Kevin McCarthy, Jonathan Ugulano, Connor Allen, Arthur Cherry (rappeller), Eric Shilling (pilot), Ron Vail (pilot). While training near Black Butte Ranch on Sunday, May 15, he came into his landing zone too fast, and with low winds, he dropped from nearly 20 feet in the air. Keep it from spreading. Best wishes to him and his family for a successful recovery. It's a situation he knew was possible, but never thought would be a reality. Most smokejumpers of the era were not career professionals, but seasonal employees lured by the prospect of earning as much as $1,000 over a summer. There is no cost, and in case you change your mind each email has an unsubscribe button. Northwest - the Redmond Smokejumpers in Redmond, Oregon. | And, please keep in mind our commenting ground rules before you post a comment. 10 thoughts on "Serious injury sidelines Redmond Smokejumper" Will says: May 19, 2022 at 5:26 pm. In July of 1995, Clint was hired as a firefighter . Free delivery for many products! Contact No promotional code needed. Ben is an outstanding human, firefighter, and firefighter advocate. Its to get angry and demand change from our government that demonstrates that the American people and leaders value the impact and sacrifices of men and women like Ben. And then basically the last 20 feet, I just fell straight down.. Forest Fire Fighter Smoke Jumper Interview (NEXT PAGE) Hes been a smokejumper for nine years and he was using a new style of parachute on this particular training jump near Black Butte. If you would like to share a story idea, please submit it here. A group portrait of the Smokejumper crew for the Redmond Smokejumper Base. Weve never had anybody back away from the door.. You know you lose that income and it is -- you dont want to make a big deal out of it, and I'm never going to complain about it, but you just kind of lay there in bed and crunch some numbers about the reality of the situation, Elkind said. There are no fire hydrants in the middle of the forest, so jumpers fight fire with heavy metal. Archives Saws for wilderness areas. You wait. Redmonds jumpers come from all over the country and as many disciplines. Here, when not fighting fires, the men spent much time putting up hay to feed the hundreds of pack mules that carried supplies and equipment to guard stations and fire locations. Please consider donating to help a firefighter and his family while they support each other on the road to recovery. | They watch their name climb the jump list. Only one member, PFC Malvin L. Brown, was killed on August 6, 1945, after falling during a let-down from a tree in the Umpqua National Forest near Roseburg, Oregon. During surgery at the hospital they found six fractures and placed three plates and 10 screws to repair the damage. If theres any heat left, were gonna stand and were gonna take care of it, Carle says. menu. Please consider donating to Ben and his family. A smoke jumper is loaded down with gear, helment, axes, o2, etc..the jump is the least of their worries. There is no cost, and in case you change your mind each email has an unsubscribe button. | Although this first experiment was not pursued, another began in 1939 in Washington's Methow Valley, where professional parachutists jumped into a variety of timbered and mountainous terrains, proving the feasibility of the idea. Until 33 years ago, smokejumpers were all men. Really sad to hear of Bens injury. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Homestead Helicopters Wildland Firefighting Missoula MT patch at the best online prices at eBay! RRSNF says all 12 confirmed fires are getting active suppression efforts with four fires staffed with smokejumpers from Bureau of Land Management Burns, USFS Redding and USFS Redmond smokejumpers while rappellers from USFS John Day and Grande Ronde are staffing two fires. Ben Elkind has done a ton for all of us Federal Wildland Firefighters over the last year. The GoFundMe is incredible, very lucky that people are willing to contribute., RELATED: From bad to worse: Drought conditions could fuel nasty wildfire season, Jean Nelson-Dean from the Deschutes National Forest provided a statement, saying:We are all hoping for a speedy recovery for Ben and many people are reaching out to help support him and his family at this time.. We are committed to providing the Central Oregon community Stationed at Pendleton Field, Oregon, with a detachment in Chico, California, 300 unit members participated in firefighting missions throughout the Pacific Northwest during the summer and fall of 1945, earning the nickname "Smoke Jumpers". Photo via Redmond Smokejumpers Welfare Organization. The rest wield pulaskis an axe on one end of the blade and a hoe on the other. If youre at the top of the list, youre the one in charge. Thanks to the stylish Smokejumpers logo, this pin looks great on a sport coat, jacket or even a cap. The National Smokejumper Association (NSA) is a non-profit (), American organization based in Missoula, Montana, that preserves the history of aerial fire management, or smokejumping, through interviews, rosters, photographs, films, letters, reports and publications.It is also a meeting area for people involved with wildland firefighting and helps in the preservation of national forests and . > Between 1983 and 1990, the number of smokejumpers in Region Six was established at 55, with 35 of these in Redmond and the remaining 20 in Winthrop. The rookies cook if theyre any good at it. As she pulled into the parking lot of Redmond Air Center, the tires of her Forerunner crunching on the dirt and gravel drive, she repeated the pep talk she'd been giving . The Omenica Smokejumpers in Mackenzie, British Columbia. Smokejumpers are one of the first lines of defense against wildfires, known for jumping out of planes into the fire zones. Thanks for looking and good luck bidding Smokejumper From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Fully outfitted smokejumpers boarding an aircraft in Missoula , Montana , enroute to a fire in the Idaho Panhandle, July 1994 A smokejumper is a wildland firefighter that parachutes into a remote area to combat wildfires . Due to the growth of the programs, USFS needed a new state-of-the-art training facility to serve its 1,000+ students per year. October 24, 2007. Starting at the heel of the fire, you separate black from green. I feel really lucky, he said. > BLM photo by Carrie Bilbao July 28, 2020. . You can carry a ton of equipment/weight in, jump lower, etc..plus it's less to complicate the jump. The interviewees discuss their smokejumping training, memorable jumps, and colleagues. I'd venture to bet that it's similar to why the US Army (and other branches) use rounds on mass jumps. They are inserted at the site of the fire by parachute. A smokejumper prepares to leap from a plane in Redmond, Oregon. The base became a "satellite" base, while Redmond, Oregon, served as the "core" base with 60 smokejumpers assigned there. Tanker 44 at Redmond, June 13, 2016. Central Oregon's most popular food and beverage guide for locals and tourists! The Redmond Smokejumpers first explored a rappelling program in 1972. It is owned and operated by the city of Redmond, Oregon. | The names of the crew members have been added below the portrait. Sources: FAA, [1] airport website [2] Redmond Municipal Airport ( IATA: RDM, ICAO: KRDM, FAA LID: RDM) (Roberts Field) is in Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. Im sorry to hear this and wish Ben a full and complete recovery. The Alaska Smokejumper Base's 10-year average for jumps between April and September is 495. It may not be used, redistributed or reproduced without the written . The Redmond Air Center (RAC) is at Robert's Field Airport about two miles east of Redmond, Oregon (population 12,000+, elevation 3077 feet). We use industry standard encryption to keep your personal information secure when placing an order. His future career might be on hold, but Elkind has high hopes. After taxes, my base check, even two months worth of work, it doesnt even cover a rental payment for a house in Redmond, much less daycare and groceries, he said. If you are using a screen-reader and are having problems using this website, please call 1-800-624-0201 or email us for assistance. View all posts by Bill Gabbert. Smokejumpers are specially trained wildland firefighters who provide an initial attack response on remote wildland fires. Prior to the full establishment of smokejumping, experiments with parachute insertion of firefighters were conducted in 1934 in Utah and in the Soviet Union. > Support local and vocal journalism! Eastern Washington University has obtained permission from the Redmond Smokejumper Base to provide digital access to this image. Then its crazy, he said. On his first jump, Carle had to climb 100 feet up a tree to get five gallons of drinking water. A smokejumper was seriously injured Sunday May 15 during a training parachute jump. Go to Store. Theres always Spam. Tanker 44 at Redmond, June 13, 2016. July 26, 2017 And its awesome.. Redmond Smokejumpers Redmond Air Center 1740 SE Ochoco Way Redmond, OR 97756 (541) 504-7280. A smokejumper was seriously injured Sunday May 15 during a training parachute jump. Ben has been a Smokejumper for the US Forest Service based in Redmond, OR for nine years and worked in fire as a member of the Zig-Zag Hotshots before jumping. With his 6-12 month recovery period, that hit wouldve been much harder. Squad-sized and larger crews were supervised by foremen who were career wildland firefighters and experts in all types of wildfires. Copyright, Browse Colleges, Departments, and Programs. It doesnt matter if the jumper behind you has been jumping for 20 years and youve been in the air for two. Thirteen firefighters died during the blowup, 12 of them smokejumpers. Now you can display that proud spirit with our fine line of Smokejumper merchandise. Sorry to here it. Northern Rockies the Missoula Smokejumpers in Missoula, Montana. ), Aircraft, Home | Go to Store. It only took a half an hour, but the trip set Meg Buchanan back ten years. People keep asking if Im going to keep jumping, and I sure hope so, but it might be awhile, he said. | A smokejumper was seriously injured Sunday May 15 during a training parachute jump. For info on print and digital advertising, 1 event, 4 articles. Home Photo by Bill Gabbert. Check the NSA Web site 2 www.smokejumpers.com SMOKEJUMPER, ISSUE NO. By Richard Bauman . Smokejumpers are employed by the Russian Federation, United States (namely the United States Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management), and Canada (in British Columbia).[1]. Donated and shared. Rappellers today can repel 250 feet from light or medium helicopters and land precisely between tall trees. > I lose all my hazard pay, Elkind explained to the Cabinet member. News & commentary about aerial firefighting, air tankers, and helicopters. Ravioli. Inside, the bar is filled with sports memorabilia and some interesting items donated by pub regulars over the years. If I was to jump ten straight seasons down here and had to chose between doing it with a round or square, Id take a square. FAQ A firefighter takes a breather . In great used condition! A smokejumper was seriously injured Sunday May 15 during a training parachute jump. A place where the weather does what it wants. Elkind helps care for his family of four on the roughly $20 an hour pay he makes during his six-month smokejumping contract, supplemented by construction work during the winter. Photo by Bill Gabbert. A place where humans are no longer the apex predator. He has a long recovery road ahead of him and now is our opportunity to give something back. This disaster directly led to the establishment of modern safety standards used by all wildland firefighters. Klamath National Forest reports 14 new fire starts; McKinney Fire 95% contained The Redmond Smokejumper Base is located at the Redmond Air Center in Redmond, Oregon. Take care of our people FS!!!!!!!!!! In the air, you circle the fire and size it up. SMOKEJUMPERS This is just what were trained to do. Usually smokejumpers reach fires while they are still small, using hand tools such as the shovel and pulaski. It began when one Redmond smokejumper, Dan Norskog, heard about local medical provider, St. Charles Health System, making a call out to the community to provide 10,000 masks for employees. Shane Orser, 41, will join more than 200 other . Carle is a member of the Redmond Smokejumpers in Redmond, Oregon. Here is an excerpt from their description on GoFundMe: Ben has a long road to recovery and will be unable to work for a significant length of time and will be missing out on the overtime that so many wildland firefighters depend on to make a living. Deschutes National Forest Public Affairs Officer Jean Nelson-Dean confirmed that "one of our smokejumpers experienced a hard landing on a proficiency jump" and had been hospitalized with non-life . [1] It is the main commercial airport in Central Oregon, with . All Rights Reserved. Front Row: Dan Norskog, Marcel Potvin, Dirk Stevens, Shane Taylor, Rubel Aguilar, Luke Bromley, Douglas Thomas, David Neydlin, Sam Johnson, Dustin Underhill. Great Basin the McCall Smokejumpers in McCall, Idaho. Redmond Smokejumper Shane Orser from Oregon packs a parachute at the Alaska Smokejumper Base at Fort Wainwright, Alaska, on July 20, 2019. Alaskas Alagnak River is a place where there are no roads. In subsequent years, the Ninemile Camp operation moved to Missoula, where it became the Missoula Smokejumper Base. There are a handful of televisions above the bar and main seating area, making this a good spot to watch the game or grab a drink with a group. In May 1945, the unit was sent to the West Coast of the United States to combat forest fires ignited by Japanese incendiary balloons, an operation named "Operation Firefly". If you're a Redmond resident, there's a good chance that you're also a frequent flyer at Cascade Lakes Brewery's 7th Street Brew House. Thats a stupid statement. the West Yellowstone Smokejumpers in West Yellowstone, Montana. When youre at the top of the jump list, you dont go out of range of the alarm. He spent four years as a Smokejumper before coming to Sacramento and transitioning to municipal fire service as a resident firefighter at South Placer Fire District, while simultaneously working for the Rocklin Fire Department. During surgery at the hospital they found six fractures and placed three plates and 10 screws to repair the damage. Your financial contribution ensures our work stays free for all. Visit spotfireimages.com for more photos and videos. After working full time in wildland fire for 33 years, he continues to learn, and strives to be a Student of Fire. People love our t-shirts and brisk sales prove the designs we create are winners, year after year! The Hot Shot Burger on the menu hearkens back to the days when the Redmond Hotshots regularly frequented the pub, along with the Redmond Smokejumpers and other Forest Service employees. Become a Source Insider to help get news and culture to Central Oregon. This article was first published on Fire Aviation. https://filson-life.imgix.net/2019/07/DSC2996-1.jpg?fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=200&ixlib=php-1.2.1&w=300&wpsize=medium. . Keely Damara. This page is dedicated to raise awareness of smokejumpers who are injured in the line duty and to provide support to. Ben has been a Smokejumper for the US Forest Service based in Redmond, OR for nine years and worked in fire as a member of the Zig-Zag Hotshots before jumping. Total passengers 2018. It was a small jump spot and there was no wind so I just kept cruising through the jump spot, Elkind told Central Oregon Daily News on Monday. They exercise. Not Pictured: Jason Barber, Craig Howard McGuire, Matt Abell, Mike Towner (pilot). Were all hurting but I know he needs help. We are starting this GoFundMe in order to help Ben and his family through this tough time. Thank you, Murry, for your kind and informed response . Its always a different group. Smokejumper Ben Bell grabs the leg pockets of his jump suit while making a 2012 practice jump from the training tower at the Redmond Air Center. The Redmond Smokejumper Welfare Or. The names of all of the crew members have been added below the portrait. The Pulaski and shovel hanging next to the propeller belongs to regular Ward Monroe, who retired from the Forest Service in '99. A group portrait of the Smokejumper crew for the Redmond Smokejumper Base. Back Row (L-R): Ryen Farnworth (pilot), Eric Shilling (pilot), Tony Sleznick (pilot), Josh Cantrell, Jeff Coburn, Sean Wishart, Kevin McCarthy, Jonathan Ugulano, Ryan McCliment, Justin Cook, Jeremy Zemke, Ben Elkind, Eliah Pedersen, Shane Orser . The digital images were donated to Eastern Washington University Libraries by the National Smokejumper Association. They also talked with Marty Walsh, the Secretary of Labor, who oversees the Office of Workers Compensation Programs (OWCP), an agency that has been criticized for slow-walking or failing to appropriately process the claims and pay the medical bills of firefighters injured on the job. KTVZ NewsChannel 21 is committed to providing a forum for civil and constructive conversation. Jump board. North Cascade Smokejumper Base - Rating: 4.5 / 5 (69 reviews) - Address: 23 Intercity Airport Rd, Winthrop, WA 98862-9744 . This comfortable downtown Redmond drink spot offers a spacious patio, complete with horseshoes and a fire pit. We stand behind our products 100%. About 500 training jumps were made by the first 70 CPS smokejumpers in 1943, who went on to fight 31 fires that first season. Here is an excerpt from their description on GoFundMe: Ben has a long road to recovery and will be unable to work for a significant length of time and will be missing out on the overtime that so many wildland firefighters depend on to make a living. > Once youre in the plane, theres no going back, says Bill Selby, Carles boss and the base manager for the Redmond Smokejumpers. Northern California the Region 5 Smokejumpers in Redding, California. Other fire-related operations at the Redmond Airport include the Redmond Smokejumpers, the Northwest Fire Training Center, the Redmond Hotshots, and the Regional Air Group which supplies pilots for the jumpers and lead planes. Putting all jumpers on squares is going to result in more accidents, and moresevere injuries. Back Row (L-R): Justin Cook, Jeremy Zemke, Matt Abell, Marcel Potvin, Ben Bell, Jarret Carle, Bill Selby, Gary Atteberry, Mike Leslie, Sean Wishart, Eliah Pedersen, Jeanine Faulkner, Kevin McCarthy, Jonathan Ugulano, Connor Allen, Arthur Cherry . For those looking for a solid happy hour, 7th Street Brew House offers one daily from 4-6pm. Picture of a tool drop on a jumper's phone. Fantastic beard. And then I ran into where I was running out of space, so then I basically just hit the full brakes on my parachute and the canopy collapsed. Smokejumping -- United States, Smokejumpers -- United States -- Redmond (Or. On the ground, you collect your gear, much of which is dropped separately by the plane. Redmond Smokejumpers (USFS) West Yellowstone Smokejumpers (USFS) All Smokejumper Bases Listing and Contact (links to FS only) Please note that this document is the property of the National Smokejumper Association and is for the edification of our membership and visitors. He doesnt think thats brave. Thats Jarret Carle. Man, If I get injured, I lose all my overtime. A Redmond smokejumper is embarking on a historic trip next month to participate in a commemorative D-Day invasion jump in Normandy, France. Based aircraft 2022. He said there were no issues with the parachute itself, but he was still adjusting to using it. Privacy Policy. Boise BLM smokejumpers. The choice instrument the one everyone runs for after they hit the ground is the chainsaw. Unit (Boise National Forest), Grangeville Smokejumpers, Siskiyou Smokejumpers, Alaska Smokejumpers, Great Basin Smokejumpers, the Redmond . About In 1989, Clint joined Redmond Smokejumpers in Redmond, Oregon. Before you can even get into the plane, you go through weeks of training and physical fitness tests. In 1942, permanent jump operations were established at Winthrop, Washington, and Ninemile Camp, an abandoned Civilian Conservation Corps camp (Camp Menard) a mile north of the Forest Service's Ninemile Remount Depot (pack mule) at Huson, Montana, about 30 miles (48km) northwest of Missoula. > Lay It Out Inc. | 704 NW Georgia Ave. Bend, Oregon 97703 | Jump. Jump injuries are infrequent,[citation needed] and smokejumper personnel take deliberate precautions before deciding whether to jump a particular fire. Central Oregon Daily 2020. During surgery at the hospital they found six fractures and placed three plates and 10 screws to repair . Carle is a smokejumper. 890,878. If you have information about the the rights holder, please contact Eastern Washington University Libraries, Archives & Special Collections at (509) 359-2475. I think were all hoping for some changes coming sooner than later.. [5], The examples and perspective in this article, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "History of Smokejumping | US Forest Service", "These are the airborne firefighters that handle the most intense wildfires", BBC Radio 4 - Book of the Week, Fire Season, Episode 1, US Forest Service - National Interagency Smokejumper Training Guide, CPS Unit Number 103-01, World War II Smokejumpers, Smokejumpers and Smokejumping: Information and Photos, Spotfire Images: Quality Smokejumper and Fire Photos, US Forest Service list of smokejumper bases, Nick Sundt Smokejumpers Oral History Project, Civilian Public Service Smokejumpers Oral History Project, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smokejumper&oldid=1106760306. The result was a broken pelvis, a dislocated femur and no work for the rest of the season. It is time to either sideline the square or shut down the SMJ program. He initially traveled to Alaska in late June 2022 to help with the busy northern fire season. > You can review our Community Guidelines by clicking here. "I think thats good motivation., Nelson-Dean told NewsChannel 21 Monday, on behalf of the Forest Service: "We are all hoping for a speedy recovery for Ben and many people are reaching out to help support him and his family at this time through the GoFundMe page set up by the Redmond Smokejumpers Welfare Association.".
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